Engineering Graphics and Design
THE DESIGN PROCESS LO 2
SCENARIO 1 (CAM DESIGN)
During the school holidays we have a problem with the grass on our sports fields going dry because there is no one to attend to it.
Design a mechanism for a simple irrigation system which is operated by a cam that will allow the sprinkler system to open and close a valve at regular intervals during this period.
SCENARIO 2 (HELIX)
Letters need to be moved from the top of a landing to the ground floor of a building. The height between the landing and the ground is 1,2 m.
Design a chute around a steel pillar using a helix to transport the letters from the landing to the ground floor.
SCENARIO 3 (INTERPENETRATION)
The owner of a factory which produces clothing wants to expand his business. The extension gets hot in the summer months and the owner, therefore, wishes to extend the air conditioning from the existing factory to the new extension.
Design a cylindrical transition piece of 100 mm to join into the existing cylindrical duct of 150 mm.
INVESTIGATION LO 4
Investigate the feasibility of replacing the vertical steel ladder of a cell phone mast with a spiral type metal staircase. The cylindrical mast has the following specifications:
Diameter 50 m
Height 15 m
The spiral staircase has to be safe with a safety railing.
The steps must be made from checker plate as to avoid slipping.
SIMULATION
Make a model of the staircase and use the following scales
Model – 1:50
Drawing 1:100
Wednesday, September 5, 2007
Mechanical tech
MECHANICAL TECHNOLOGY
GRADE 11
SCENARIO 1
In many schools the Science and Technology Departments make their own electromagnets and solenoids.Electromagnets are made of many turns of
insulated copper wireon a small plastic bobbin(like a cotton reel)
SCENARIO 2
During your last visit to the bathroom at school you encountered the following
problem:
While you were tearing off a sheet of paper toweling to dry your hands, the roll
Fell over and became water logged.
SCENARIO 3
School A has a problem : The entrance to the school is not controlled.Learners
experience a huge problem when crossing a nearby busy road before and after
school.Design a perimeter fence that will allow the learners to cross the road at
a safe spot.The fence must also have a control gate for learners, teachers and vehicles.
GRADE 11
SCENARIO 1
In many schools the Science and Technology Departments make their own electromagnets and solenoids.Electromagnets are made of many turns of
insulated copper wireon a small plastic bobbin(like a cotton reel)
SCENARIO 2
During your last visit to the bathroom at school you encountered the following
problem:
While you were tearing off a sheet of paper toweling to dry your hands, the roll
Fell over and became water logged.
SCENARIO 3
School A has a problem : The entrance to the school is not controlled.Learners
experience a huge problem when crossing a nearby busy road before and after
school.Design a perimeter fence that will allow the learners to cross the road at
a safe spot.The fence must also have a control gate for learners, teachers and vehicles.
Electrical Tech
ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY SCENARIOS
GRADE 10
1.Mr Venter owns a watch repair shop situated in an area where the crime rate rife.
After numerous break-ins, Mr Venter who is also hard of hearing and employs casual labour, approaches you to help him with a device which will indicate that someone is entering his showroom while he is in the workshop which is situated at the back.
2.A newly wed couple have bought a house and need an alarm installed. They have pets that are indoors and only want the alarm to be activated when a burglary takes place. Design and build a circuit for the owners.
3.Design and build an instrument to test the polarity and effectiveness of protective devices used in new installations.
GRADE 11
1.Security: We require a security lock for the secretary’s office gate, a learner must design and install a lock.
2.Security gate: We require a security gate to be electrically connected to three different operating points to open and close the gate. Learners must design and draw a circuit showing how the switches are connected, they must also draw a circuit showing the limit switches which control the gate when fully open and fully closed.
3.Stop guide for a motor vehicle in the garage. A learner must draw and design limit switches, relays, countdown timer and a warning light to prevent a person parking a car in the garage from going too far and crash into the wall.
GRADE 12
1.Mrs Khumalo was hi-jacked as she was opening the gate into her garage. She was hi-jacked at 20H00, under the darkness of the evening.
2.Government has offered you a tender for the provision of cleaning energy supply for the rural areas. Put up a system to address this challenge for the rural people.
3.There is a problem of indiscipline in the schools e.g dagga smoking, porno, fighting and disrespect of teachers. Design a system or device that will record/expose these challenges.
GRADE 10
1.Mr Venter owns a watch repair shop situated in an area where the crime rate rife.
After numerous break-ins, Mr Venter who is also hard of hearing and employs casual labour, approaches you to help him with a device which will indicate that someone is entering his showroom while he is in the workshop which is situated at the back.
2.A newly wed couple have bought a house and need an alarm installed. They have pets that are indoors and only want the alarm to be activated when a burglary takes place. Design and build a circuit for the owners.
3.Design and build an instrument to test the polarity and effectiveness of protective devices used in new installations.
GRADE 11
1.Security: We require a security lock for the secretary’s office gate, a learner must design and install a lock.
2.Security gate: We require a security gate to be electrically connected to three different operating points to open and close the gate. Learners must design and draw a circuit showing how the switches are connected, they must also draw a circuit showing the limit switches which control the gate when fully open and fully closed.
3.Stop guide for a motor vehicle in the garage. A learner must draw and design limit switches, relays, countdown timer and a warning light to prevent a person parking a car in the garage from going too far and crash into the wall.
GRADE 12
1.Mrs Khumalo was hi-jacked as she was opening the gate into her garage. She was hi-jacked at 20H00, under the darkness of the evening.
2.Government has offered you a tender for the provision of cleaning energy supply for the rural areas. Put up a system to address this challenge for the rural people.
3.There is a problem of indiscipline in the schools e.g dagga smoking, porno, fighting and disrespect of teachers. Design a system or device that will record/expose these challenges.
Civil tech scenarios
CIVIL TECHNOLOGY
PAT – Possible scenarios
Scenario 1
Most houses in South Africa are not built to withstand harsh winter months. As a result the average household consumes approximately 40% of its electrical energy on heating living spaces or make use of dangerous methods to heat living spaces.
The balance of this energy is consumed on heating water used for bathing or showering, cooking and lighting. A large percentage of this energy is lost through convection.
Identify and investigate a situation in the home where energy lost can be minimized through.
Grade 10: The floors
Grade 11: The roof
Grade 12: Inside the house
Develop and produce a product or building construction method which will conserve energy.
Scenario 2:
You are staying in a four room township house. You have just bought a second-hand car. Crime in your area has reached an alarming scale. For your car to be save you need to build a garage.
Grade 10: Design and build a garage.
Grade 11: Burglary is still taking place. Design and add a room to the garage.
Grade 12: Add plumbing and electricity to the building.
Scenario 3:
Grade 10: There are many disabled people living in houses which do not provide for their particular circumstances. Design and make an aid or piece of furniture to suit the needs of a disabled person whom you have interviewed. This design must improve the quality of life of the disabled person.
Scenario 4:
Grade 11: Flooding in informal settlements and devastating fires that render many people homeless causes many challenges for municipalities to provide emergency temporary shelters.
1. Identify and investigate possible solutions to address this problem.
Choose one of the following:
a) An enquiry into possible alternative and new building materials or
b) An enquiry into construction methods for emergency housing units that are easily erected dismantled and stored.
2. Describe the situation you are investigating and produce a product or construction method which adequately address the problem or need.
Scenario 5:
Grade 12: The client for whom you are making kitchen cupboards requests you to make a cutlery box to fit into the top draw of one of the units. The cutlery box must be manufactured in such a way that it can to removed from the draw and be carried easily. It must be able to carry twelve desert spoon, 12 teaspoon, 12 knives and 12 forks.
PAT – Possible scenarios
Scenario 1
Most houses in South Africa are not built to withstand harsh winter months. As a result the average household consumes approximately 40% of its electrical energy on heating living spaces or make use of dangerous methods to heat living spaces.
The balance of this energy is consumed on heating water used for bathing or showering, cooking and lighting. A large percentage of this energy is lost through convection.
Identify and investigate a situation in the home where energy lost can be minimized through.
Grade 10: The floors
Grade 11: The roof
Grade 12: Inside the house
Develop and produce a product or building construction method which will conserve energy.
Scenario 2:
You are staying in a four room township house. You have just bought a second-hand car. Crime in your area has reached an alarming scale. For your car to be save you need to build a garage.
Grade 10: Design and build a garage.
Grade 11: Burglary is still taking place. Design and add a room to the garage.
Grade 12: Add plumbing and electricity to the building.
Scenario 3:
Grade 10: There are many disabled people living in houses which do not provide for their particular circumstances. Design and make an aid or piece of furniture to suit the needs of a disabled person whom you have interviewed. This design must improve the quality of life of the disabled person.
Scenario 4:
Grade 11: Flooding in informal settlements and devastating fires that render many people homeless causes many challenges for municipalities to provide emergency temporary shelters.
1. Identify and investigate possible solutions to address this problem.
Choose one of the following:
a) An enquiry into possible alternative and new building materials or
b) An enquiry into construction methods for emergency housing units that are easily erected dismantled and stored.
2. Describe the situation you are investigating and produce a product or construction method which adequately address the problem or need.
Scenario 5:
Grade 12: The client for whom you are making kitchen cupboards requests you to make a cutlery box to fit into the top draw of one of the units. The cutlery box must be manufactured in such a way that it can to removed from the draw and be carried easily. It must be able to carry twelve desert spoon, 12 teaspoon, 12 knives and 12 forks.
Sample scenario - all tech subjects
SCENARIO
Your school received the following equipment:
2 Bench grinders
1 Milling machine
2 Metal Lathes
3 Wood lathes
1 Thicknesser
2 Wood Bandsaws
1 Circular Saw
as well as a variety of hand machine tools such as Disc Grinders, Hand drills, Routers etc
Instructions:
Investigate the safety requirements of the tools
Divide the tools for use in a Mechanical and Civil workshop
Design the layout of the workshops based on safety in the workshop
Security of hand tools should be a consideration
Your school received the following equipment:
2 Bench grinders
1 Milling machine
2 Metal Lathes
3 Wood lathes
1 Thicknesser
2 Wood Bandsaws
1 Circular Saw
as well as a variety of hand machine tools such as Disc Grinders, Hand drills, Routers etc
Instructions:
Investigate the safety requirements of the tools
Divide the tools for use in a Mechanical and Civil workshop
Design the layout of the workshops based on safety in the workshop
Security of hand tools should be a consideration
Tuesday, September 4, 2007
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